1.土選び:基本用土
永田農法のプランター栽培では、基本用土に日向土を使用すると、大抵の永田農法の指南書には書いてあります。しかし色々と多くの指南書を読んでいくと、日向土以外の軽石(パミス・スコリアなど)、砂(矢作砂・川砂など)、赤玉土でもOKとのことです。
永田農法イコール日向土の思いこみをしていた私は、エエエエ???
いかに日向土での野菜の生育がすぐれているか、わざわざ赤玉土と比較した写真をずらーっと並べた本もありました。
なんでぇ今ごろになって・・・赤玉土、いいのぉ?
ここで頭を柔らかくして、畑とプランターの土の環境について、じっくり考えてみましょう。
畑では、赤玉土オンリーで栽培するとします。赤玉土も日向土も栄養の入っていないピュアな土です。畑の赤玉土の保水性は、プランターに入れた日向土と比べるとかなり高いと思われます。(ちなみに、一般の農家では水やりなど一切しないで、みずみずしい野菜を育てており、それは地力、つまり、畑の持つ保水性、栄養価のお陰です。)そのため、永田農法の「水と肥料を最小限に」という原則に従って、畑では高畝プラスマルチで水を制限し、週1回の液肥以外、水やりはしません。
一方、プランター栽培ではほぼ毎日の水やりが必要と本に書いてあります。つまり、畑の保水力を持たないプランターには、毎日お水をあげましょうねということです。
永田農法が、他の農法と違う点を取り上げて、何故、何故と出てくる自分の疑問を、農業関係の書籍やネット検索で調べていくうちに、私なりの答えが出てきて、今はその答えや実践方法が正しいかどうかを試している過程です。
前置きが長くなりましたが、永田農法でプランター栽培をする場合の土選びの条件を、(私見です、もちろん)述べたいと思います。
基本用土ランキング:ご自身の体力やご家庭の栽培環境に合わせて選んでください。
1.日向土:高温殺菌処理をされている点で、1番にあげます。価格には満足していないけど・・・。
2.その他の軽石(パミス・スコリアなど):日向土より、軽く、安価なのが嬉しい。
3.各種の清潔な砂:最も良い結果を出すと思われますが、重さが難点。保水材は不要でしょう。
注意!コンクリートに混ぜるための砂は、栽培に適しているとは思えません。
4.赤玉土:野菜の種類にあわせて単体でプランター栽培しています。水やりの心配がないのが利点。
2.保水材
基本用土が日向土か軽石の場合は、保水性のある素材を混ぜ込むと、失敗が少なくなります。
価格と扱いやすさの点で、私はココピートを使っています。
ココピートは、土の準備の最初にたっぷりの水でふやかしておきます。水の量は固まりの5倍以上必要です。ふやかす時間は30分もあれば十分か・・・。私の場合、テキトーな量の水に浸して放置、水が足りなさそうなら足すという、いい加減な使い方をしています。
3.ケイカル、有機石灰
ほとんどの野菜は酸性土を嫌うので、アルカリ性にするため、畑では苦土石灰や有機石灰を使用します。永田農法の場合は、珪酸カルシウムを勧めています。理由は・・・私の勉強では・・・判明していませんが(;_;)。良いと言われているのだから、良いのだろうという素直な気持ちで、私は畑にもプランターにも珪酸カルシウム(略してケイカル)を使用しています。
ところがどっこい、ある永田農法の本では、ケイカルがなければ、カキ殻石灰(有機石灰とも書いてある)などでもよいと書いてあったではありませんか。
ケイカルはホームセンターでは買えないので、ネットで調達しています。(昨今は永田農法が広まった結果か、価格がぐんと下がりました!)
カキ殻石灰は、百円ショップでも購入できます。
この有機石灰の利点は、安いこと、植え付けてから土に撒いても良い(と説明書きにあった)ことです。1の基本用土と2の保水材を混ぜて、さっさとタネを撒いてから、あっ忘れた!と思ってカキ殻石灰を撒いたことも幾度か・・・。という点で、便利な石灰です。
ちなみに、苦土石灰と堆肥、化成肥料を使用する場合は、苦土石灰を土に混ぜて1週間待ち、堆肥と化成肥料を混ぜてまた1週間寝かせてから、やっと種まきや苗の植え付けを行います(NHK野菜の時間の説明より)。私のように、パッと思いついて、ワーッと作業するタイプには向きません。栽培の適期を逃してばかりになってしまいます。
石灰の話しに戻しますが、現状では、畑にもプランターにも、ケイカルとカキ殻石灰の両方を使っています。
栽培後の野菜を引っこ抜いた時、ケイカルのツブツブが残っていることがよくあります。カキ殻石灰は土に混ぜたら、すぐに見えなくなりますが。
この目に見える残留ケイカルとすぐに見えなくなるカキ殻石灰の長所短所がよくわからないので、とりあえず、両方使っているという状態です。
両方使っていても、この2年余り、障害はないと思います。
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